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#1The Pirate Bay
Catch up with your favorite singers' songs with the help of The Pirate Bay. It is the world's biggest torrent website where you can search for any singers album and download them straight to your mobile device.FreeEthan OwensWritten on June 6, 2019'My go-to site! They have everything from movies to songs. They are also regularly updated which is really cool!'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#2Dirty Torrents
Download all your favorite songs through Dirty Torrents. It is a torrent website where you can identify other sites to download songs. This site also compiles the most recent and popular torrent downloads.FreeKelly HillWritten on June 6, 2019'There are a lot of songs here! They also offer songs in different songs, there is a huge selection, lvoe it! ❤'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Windows xp iso download deutsch. Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly. Download diner dash 4 for android.#3Zooqle
Zooqle, which is formerly known as Bitsnoop founded in 2008, is a torrent indexing website providing a database of verified torrents to download. It is the place to download movies, TV shows, games, applications, software, and audiobooks.FreePranav PatelWritten on June 6, 2019'I dont think zooqle is that popular but this is what i am using eversince. They also provide a lot of songs which is good,'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it! Download tv shows free mac.Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.
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DID YOU KNOW
Did you know that according to experts, music trends in 2018 includes hip-hop, music streaming, and live concerts? To back this up, Drake, an artist rooted in hip-hop, came out as the most popular musician in the United States in 2017. Music as part of our daily lives is deeply rooted in the cultural diaspora we are and in 2016, the music industry has redeemed itself from its lumbering growth in the previous years. According to an article published on Rolling Stone, the industry has hit revenue of 7.7 billion US dollars in 2016—the highest gross since 2009. The drastic growth can be attributed to the growing popularity of various paid streaming platforms, live events, social media channels, and the easy access to music production tools, especially software have replaced the major music distribution channels of yesteryear. This is despite the rise of other sources, specifically music torrenting sites. 2018 music technology puts Spotify on the top trend with its remarkable growth over the past few years amidst the 1.6 billion copyright lawsuit it's facing while SoundCloud remains to struggle to maintain its place in the industry despite laying off 40% of its workforce and shutting down offices in London and San Francisco. While streaming is slowly reaching its prosperity, sales of compact disc continue to slow down with only 99.4 million physical albums sold in 2016—the lowest number since 1986. Nevertheless, the music revenue worldwide is projected to reach 57 billion US dollars by 2021, according to Statista.
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Download your favorite banger with the help of TorrentFunk. It is a torrenting site that features torrent files for music and many more. The site started in 2011.FreeJack AguilarWritten on February 1, 2017'Torrent funk is a great torrent site for music, This site had every song I could imagine on it. I was so impressed with the data bank of songs. I found stuff that I liked, stuff my teenage sister liked, and songs my parents liked. 'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#61337x
Enjoy listening to your favorite songs that you've downloaded through 1337x. It is a website that provides high-quality music. It features a stylish interface for users easy and simply browsing.FreeRyan HamiltonWritten on March 30, 2017'1337x seems to be a great place to use torrents for but when I came to the site, there was a message indicating that users might have had difficulty in finding it due to being blocked by search engines. Other than that, the site hosts video games, music, television and movies among other things for users to attain their desired media. Seems like a legit place. 'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#7ExtraTorrent
Extratorrent is a free website used to download and seed torrent files for various electronic resources. Downloadable files from the site include movies, music, software, program, applications, e-books, documents, and many more.FreeLarry PayneWritten on April 3, 2017'Extratorrent is one of the biggest torrent sites still up today. While the layout is a bit disgusting, it does the job and you can head straight to the music subsection to save time instead of having to browse. Of course, the intrusive ads are a problem, but hey. Win some lose some.'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#8Kickass Torrents
Kickass Torrents, also known as KAT, is one of the oldest and most powerful torrent search engines of the world, offering movies, series, ebooks, music, software and much more where you can download via uTorrent.FreeRakesh MalikWritten on June 6, 2019'Kickass has been around for quite a while and they still deliver. They have a huge selection and you can really choose what songs to download'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#9LimeTorrents
LimeTorrents is a verified BitTorrent website where users can download movies, TV shows, music, games, and much more without any charge. There is no need to sign up for an account before users can access the website. Download game of war fire age for pc.FreeGary HarrisWritten on June 6, 2019'LimeTorrents is the real OG when it comes to music downloading, you can find all the songs that you like in this site LOL'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#10isoHunt
isoHunt is a BitTorrent and peer-to-peer torrent website to browse and find torrents for downloading various media resources online such as movies, television shows, and series, software, music, applications, and so on.FreeArjun RodriguesWritten on May 30, 2019'You can find anything in this place!! Realy nice!!1111 the song and movie hre is realz good!! ????'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#11Monova
Monova is a torrenting site on the internet where you can download plenty of games, TV shows, movies, ebooks, and software. It has served a million users and provided a large number of downloads with those fields.FreeLauren CastroWritten on May 30, 2019'Design and interface is really simple, very user friendly. They also offer a lot of movies, games, ebooks and songs, you can search anything here.'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#12101 Torrent
101 Torrent is a free torrent website for downloading wide varieties of entertainment such as movies, television shows, games, books, anime, application, and music in a good and high-quality format.*NO LONGER AVAILABLE*Irma MondragónWritten on October 11, 2018'through 101 Torrent you can basically download the full discography of the band or singer you are a fan of. It even has the latest albums just a few hours after its release so it is really a nice torrent to get music torrents to download. My only complaint though is that it has pop-up ads'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#13Torrent Downloads
Torrent Downloads is a BitTorrent download source that allows users to download TV shows, movies, games, music, software, books, anime, and more for free. The site also accumulates the most downloaded, seeded, and leeched torrents.FreeJonathan GarrettWritten on January 23, 2017'If you're tired of sifting through torrent websites to find the music you love Torrent Downloads has you covered. Their advanced search query allows you to find the music you love in a flash and the interface tells you a bit of information about the file you are attempting to download. Torrent Downloads provides an easy to see health bar that gives you a clear and understandable metric you can use to decide if the file you want is coming from a stable server. 'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#14Bitport
Bitport.io is a website where you can download torrents for music, movies, TV shows and more. It can be saved directly to the cloud, without the necessity of downloading any software, and in a completely secure environment.Free- Varies by planMarilyn DanielsWritten on October 11, 2018'Out of all the torrent sites this is actually the first one i encountered that you need to register to download torrents and there are even plans that will enable you to store your downloads on your cloud storage. Isn't that amazing eh?'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!https://ixheavy.weebly.com/be-the-bear-mermaid-download.html. Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#15TorrentProject
TorrentProject is a torrent search engine which offers a collection of more than 10 million torrents of movies, games, music, ebooks, and software which can be downloaded with zero restrictions. *NO LONGER AVAILABLE*Diane HarveyWritten on October 11, 2018'Sucks that TorrentProject has been down for more than a year already. I keep on checking if it will come back in a new domain but unfortunately it's not until now. I'm just surpised that not many people are annoyed that this has been down as i personally believe it is the best torrent site out there. 'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly. Logic express 9 download mac.#16Torrentz
Torrentz was founded in March 2003 and serves as a metasearch engine for torrents. It indexes many active torrents from various domains such as one of the popular site, The Pirate Bay and give compilated results for easier searching.FreeAnthony GordonWritten on May 5, 2017'Torrentz would be a great site for users do download music if you know how to handle these type of sites. These sites have lots of pop ups, malware, and possible viruses. You need to be good with security on your computer to use this site effectively.'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#17Torrentz2
Torrentz2 is a meta-search engine which combines results from different search engines. Through this website, users can find torrents for movies, music, anime, and more to download from over 250 million pages.FreeGary DanielsWritten on March 20, 2019'I don't know why this website is in the bottom of the list, when in fact this is one of the best music torrenting sites that I know. And not only this is a great when it comes to music, it has an index of almost all torrent sites for all your needs!'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#18Soundpark
Soundpark is a music torrent website with a focus on music albums, discographies, and original soundtracks. They offer music sites for different languages.FreeChan WangWritten on June 6, 2019'This site is exclusively for songs so you can easily find what you are looking for. The interface is really neat too. I like it! I recommend this if youre solely looking for songs.'Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you like it!Thanks for voting! Please tell us why you don't like it!Thank you for sharing your experience!Your comment will be reviewed and published shortly.#19TorLock
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Paradigms | Multi-paradigm: Array, object-oriented, imperative, functional, procedural, reflective |
---|---|
Designed by | Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman |
Developer | R Core Team[1] |
First appeared | August 1993; 25 years ago[2] |
Stable release | 3.6.0 ('Planting of a Tree')[3] / April 26, 2019; 54 days ago |
Typing discipline | Dynamic |
License | GNU GPL v2[4] |
Filename extensions | .r, .R, .RData, .rds, .rda |
Website | www.r-project.org |
Influenced by | |
Influenced | |
Julia[5] | |
|
R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.[6] The R language is widely used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical software[7] and data analysis.[8] Polls, data mining surveys, and studies of scholarly literature databases show substantial increases in popularity in recent years.[9]. as of June 2019, R ranks 22nd in the TIOBE index, a measure of popularity of programming languages.[10]
A GNU package,[11]source code for the R software environment is written primarily in C, Fortran and R itself,[12] and is freely available under the GNU General Public License. Pre-compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems. Although R has a command line interface, there are several graphical user interfaces, such as RStudio, an integrated development environment.[13][14]
- 13Examples
History[edit]
R is an implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics, inspired by Scheme.[15]S was created by John Chambers in 1976, while at Bell Labs. There are some important differences, but much of the code written for S runs unaltered.[16]
R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman[17] at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team (of which Chambers is a member).[18] R is named partly after the first names of the first two R authors and partly as a play on the name of S.[19] The project was conceived in 1992, with an initial version released in 1995 and a stable beta version in 2000.[20][21][22]
Statistical features[edit]
R and its libraries implement a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques, including linear and nonlinear modelling, classical statistical tests, time-series analysis, classification, clustering, and others. R is easily extensible through functions and extensions, and the R community is noted for its active contributions in terms of packages. Many of R's standard functions are written in R itself, which makes it easy for users to follow the algorithmic choices made. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C++, and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. Advanced users can write C, C++,[23]Java,[24].NET[25] or Python code to manipulate R objects directly.[26] R is highly extensible through the use of user-submitted packages for specific functions or specific areas of study. Due to its S heritage, R has stronger object-oriented programming facilities than most statistical computing languages. Extending R is also eased by its lexical scoping rules.[27]
Another strength of R is static graphics, which can produce publication-quality graphs, including mathematical symbols. Dynamic and interactive graphics are available through additional packages.[28]
R has Rd, its own LaTeX-like documentation format, which is used to supply comprehensive documentation, both online in a number of formats and in hard copy.[29]
Programming features[edit]
R is an interpreted language; users typically access it through a command-line interpreter. If a user types
2+2
at the R command prompt and presses enter, the computer replies with 4, as shown below:This calculation is interpreted as the sum of two single-element vectors, resulting in a single-element vector. The prefix
[1]
indicates that the list of elements following it on the same line starts with the first element of the vector (a feature that is useful when the output extends over multiple lines).Like other similar languages such as APL and MATLAB, R supports matrix arithmetic. R's data structures include vectors, matrices, arrays, data frames (similar to tables in a relational database) and lists.[30] Arrays are stored in column-major order.[31] R's extensible object system includes objects for (among others): regression models, time-series and geo-spatial coordinates. The scalar data type was never a data structure of R.[32] Instead, a scalar is represented as a vector with length one.[33]
Many features of R derive from Scheme. R uses S-expressions to represent both data and code. Functions are first-class and can be manipulated in the same way as data objects, facilitating meta-programming, and allow multiple dispatch. Variables in R are lexically scoped and dynamically typed. Function arguments are passed by value, and are lazy -- that is to say, they are only evaluated when they are used, not when the function is called.
R supports procedural programming with functions and, for some functions, object-oriented programming with generic functions. A generic function acts differently depending on the classes of arguments passed to it. In other words, the generic function dispatches the function (method) specific to that class of object. For example, R has a generic
print
function that can print almost every class of object in R with a simple print(objectname)
syntax.[34]Although used mainly by statisticians and other practitioners requiring an environment for statistical computation and software development, R can also operate as a general matrix calculation toolbox – with performance benchmarks comparable to GNU Octave or MATLAB.[35]
Packages[edit]
The capabilities of R are extended through user-created packages, which allow specialised statistical techniques, graphical devices, import/export capabilities, reporting tools (knitr, Sweave), etc. These packages are developed primarily in R, and sometimes in Java, C, C++, and Fortran.[citation needed] The R packaging system is also used by researchers to create compendia to organise research data, code and report files in a systematic way for sharing and public archiving.[36]
A core set of packages is included with the installation of R, with more than 15,000 additional packages (as of September 2018) available at the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN),[37]Bioconductor, Omegahat,[38]GitHub, and other repositories.[39] Alter bridge live o2 arena download torrent free.
The 'Task Views' page (subject list) on the CRAN website[40] lists a wide range of tasks (in fields such as Finance, Genetics, High Performance Computing, Machine Learning, Medical Imaging, Social Sciences and Spatial Statistics) to which R has been applied and for which packages are available. R has also been identified by the FDA as suitable for interpreting data from clinical research.[41]
Other R package resources include Crantastic,[42] a community site for rating and reviewing all CRAN packages, and R-Forge,[43] a central platform for the collaborative development of R packages, R-related software, and projects. R-Forge also hosts many unpublished beta packages, and development versions of CRAN packages.
The Bioconductor project provides R packages for the analysis of genomic data. This includes object-oriented files at CRAN.[45] Some highlights are listed below for several major releases.
Release | Date | Description |
---|---|---|
0.16 | This is the last alpha version developed primarily by Ihaka and Gentleman. Much of the basic functionality from the 'White Book' (see S history) was implemented. The mailing lists commenced on April 1, 1997. | |
0.49 | 1997-04-23 | This is the oldest source release which is currently available on CRAN.[46] CRAN is started on this date, with 3 mirrors that initially hosted 12 packages.[47] Alpha versions of R for Microsoft Windows and the classic Mac OS are made available shortly after this version.[citation needed] |
0.60 | 1997-12-05 | R becomes an official part of the GNU Project. The code is hosted and maintained on CVS. |
0.65.1 | 1999-10-07 | First versions of update.packages and install.packages functions for downloading and installing packages from CRAN.[48] |
1.0 | 2000-02-29 | Considered by its developers stable enough for production use.[49] |
1.4 | 2001-12-19 | S4 methods are introduced and the first version for Mac OS X is made available soon after. |
1.8 | 2003-10-08 | Introduced a flexible condition handling mechanism for signalling and handling condition objects. |
2.0 | 2004-10-04 | Introduced lazy loading, which enables fast loading of data with minimal expense of system memory. |
2.1 | 2005-04-18 | Support for UTF-8 encoding, and the beginnings of internationalization and localization for different languages. |
2.11 | 2010-04-22 | Support for Windows 64 bit systems. |
2.13 | 2011-04-14 | Adding a new compiler function that allows speeding up functions by converting them to byte-code. |
2.14 | 2011-10-31 | Added mandatory namespaces for packages. Added a new parallel package. |
2.15 | 2012-03-30 | New load balancing functions. Improved serialisation speed for long vectors. |
3.0 | 2013-04-03 | Support for numeric index values 231 and larger on 64 bit systems. |
3.4 | 2017-04-21 | Just-in-time compilation (JIT) of functions and loops to byte-code enabled by default. |
3.5 | 2018-04-23 | Packages byte-compiled on installation by default. Compact internal representation of integer sequences. Added a new serialisation format to support compact internal representations. |
Interfaces[edit]
The most specialized integrated development environment (IDE) for R is RStudio.[50] A similar development interface is R Tools for Visual Studio. Some generic IDEs like Eclipse,[51] also offer features to work with R.
Graphical user interfaces with more of a point-and-click approach include Rattle GUI, R Commander, and RKWard.
Some of the more common editors with varying levels of support for R include Emacs (Emacs Speaks Statistics), Vim (Nvim-R plugin[52]), Neovim (Nvim-R plugin[52]), Kate,[53]LyX,[54]Notepad++,[55]Visual Studio Code, WinEdt,[56] and Tinn-R.[57]
R functionality is accessible from several scripting languages such as Python,[58]Perl,[59]Ruby,[60]F#,[61] and Julia.[62] Interfaces to other, high-level programming languages, like Java[63] and .NET C#[64][65] are available as well.
Implementations[edit]
The main R implementation is written in R, C, and Fortran, and there are several other implementations aimed at improving speed or increasing extensibility. A closely related implementation is pqR (pretty quick R) by Radford M. Neal with improved memory management and support for automatic multithreading. Renjin and FastR are Java implementations of R for use in a Java Virtual Machine. CXXR, rho, and Riposte[66] are implementations of R in C++. Renjin, Riposte, and pqR attempt to improve performance by using multiple processor cores and some form of deferred evaluation.[67] Most of these alternative implementations are experimental and incomplete, with relatively few users, compared to the main implementation maintained by the R Development Core Team.
TIBCO built a runtime engine called TERR, which is part of Spotfire.[68]
Microsoft R Open is a fully compatible R distribution with modifications for multi-threaded computations.[69]
R communities[edit]
R has vibrant and active local communities worldwide for users to network, share ideas, and learn.[70][71]
There are many R-user meetups[72], including R-Ladies[73] groups that promote gender diversity.
R&l Tracking
useR! conferences[edit]
The official annual gathering of R users is called 'useR!'.[74]The first such event was useR! 2004 in May 2004, Vienna, Austria.[75] After skipping 2005, the useR! conference has been held annually, usually alternating between locations in Europe and North America.[76]Subsequent conferences have included:[74]
- useR! 2006, Vienna, Austria
- useR! 2007, Ames, Iowa, USA
- useR! 2008, Dortmund, Germany
- useR! 2009, Rennes, France
- useR! 2010, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- useR! 2011, Coventry, United Kingdom
- useR! 2012, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- useR! 2013, Albacete, Spain
- useR! 2014, Los Angeles, California, USA
- useR! 2015, Aalborg, Denmark
- useR! 2016, Stanford, California, USA
- useR! 2017, Brussels, Belgium
- useR! 2018, Brisbane, Australia
Future conferences planned are as follows:[74]
- useR! 2019, Toulouse, France
- useR! 2020, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
The R Journal[edit]
The R Journal is the open access, refereed journal of the R project for statistical computing. It features short to medium length articles on the use, and development of R, including packages, programming tips, CRAN news, and foundation news.
Comparison with SAS, SPSS, and Stata[edit]
R is comparable to popular commercial statistical packages, such as SAS, SPSS, and Stata, but R is available to users at no charge under a free software license.[77]
In January 2009, the New York Times ran an article charting the growth of R, the reasons for its popularity among data scientists and the threat it poses to commercial statistical packages such as SAS.[78] In June 2017 data scientist Robert Muenchen published a more in-depth comparison between R and other software packages, 'The Popularity of Data Science Software'[79].
Commercial support for R[edit]
Although R is an open-source project supported by the community developing it, some companies strive to provide commercial support and/or extensions for their customers. This section gives some examples of such companies.
In 2007, Richard Schultz, Martin Schultz, Steve Weston and Kirk Mettler founded Revolution Analytics to provide commercial support for Revolution R, their distribution of R, which also includes components developed by the company. Major additional components include: ParallelR, the R Productivity Environment IDE, RevoScaleR (for big data analysis), RevoDeployR, web services framework, and the ability for reading and writing data in the SAS file format.[80] Revolution Analytics also offer a distribution of R designed to comply with established IQ/OQ/PQ criteria which enables clients in the pharmaceutical sector to validate their installation of REvolution R.[81] In 2015, Microsoft Corporation completed the acquisition of Revolution Analytics.[82] and has since integrated the R programming language into SQL Server 2016, SQL Server 2017, Power BI, Azure SQL Database, Azure Cortana Intelligence, Microsoft R Server and Visual Studio 2017.[83]
In October 2011, Oracle announced the Big Data Appliance, which integrates R, Apache Hadoop, Oracle Linux, and a NoSQL database with Exadata hardware.[84] As of 2012, Oracle R Enterprise[85] became one of two components of the 'Oracle Advanced Analytics Option'[86] (alongside Oracle Data Mining).[citation needed]
IBM offers support for in-Hadoop execution of R,[87] and provides a programming model for massively parallel in-database analytics in R.[88]
Other major commercial software systems supporting connections to or integration with R include: JMP,[89]Mathematica,[90]MATLAB,[91]Microsoft Power BI,[92]Pentaho,[93]Spotfire,[94]SPSS,[95]Statistica,[96]Platform Symphony,[97]SAS,[98]Tableau Software,[99]Esri ArcGIS,[100]Dundas[101] and Statgraphics.[102]
Tibco offers a runtime-version R as a part of Spotfire.[103] Download es file explorer mac.
Mango offers a validation package for R, ValidR,[104][105] to make it compliant with drug approval agencies, like FDA. These agencies allow for the use of any statistical software in submissions, if only the software is validated, either by the vendor or sponsor itself.[106]
Examples[edit]
Basic syntax[edit]
The following examples illustrate the basic syntax of the language and use of the command-line interface.
In R, the generally preferred[107]assignment operator is an arrow made from two characters
<-
, although =
can usually be used instead.[108]Structure of a function[edit]
One of R’s strengths is the ease of creating new functions. Objects in the function body remain local to the function, and any data type may be returned.[109]Here is an example user-created function:
Mandelbrot set[edit]
Short R code calculating Mandelbrot set through the first 20 iterations of equation z = z2 + c plotted for different complex constants c. This example demonstrates:
- use of community-developed external libraries (called packages), in this case caTools package
- handling of complex numbers
- multidimensional arrays of numbers used as basic data type, see variables
C
,Z
andX
.
R Kelly Interview
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Hornik, Kurt (26 November 2015). 'R FAQ'. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. 2.1 What is R?. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
- ^ abIhaka, Ross (1998). R : Past and Future History(PDF) (Technical report). Statistics Department, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- ^'The Comprehensive R Archive Network'. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
- ^'R license'. r-project. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
- ^'Introduction'. The Julia Manual. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
- ^ R language and environment
- Hornik, Kurt (4 October 2017). 'R FAQ'. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. 2.1 What is R?. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
- Hornik, Kurt (4 October 2017). 'R FAQ'. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. 2.13 What is the R Foundation?. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
- R Core Team (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org/.
- ^ widely used
- Fox, John & Andersen, Robert (January 2005). 'Using the R Statistical Computing Environment to Teach Social Statistics Courses'(PDF). Department of Sociology, McMaster University. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
- Vance, Ashlee (6 January 2009). 'Data Analysts Captivated by R's Power'. New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
R is also the name of a popular programming language used by a growing number of data analysts inside corporations and academia. It is becoming their lingua franca.
- ^Vance, Ashlee (6 January 2009). 'Data Analysts Captivated by R's Power'. New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
R is also the name of a popular programming language used by a growing number of data analysts inside corporations and academia. It is becoming their lingua franca.
- ^ R's popularity
- David Smith (2012); R Tops Data Mining Software Poll, Java Developers Journal, May 31, 2012.
- Karl Rexer, Heather Allen, & Paul Gearan (2011); 2011 Data Miner Survey Summary, presented at Predictive Analytics World, Oct. 2011.
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[.] we recommend the consistent use of the preferred assignment operator ‘<-’ (rather than ‘=’) for assignment.
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External links[edit]
- Official website of the R project
Free R&b Songs Download
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